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Early Japanese iron-working techniques : ウィキペディア英語版 | Early Japanese iron-working techniques
Early Japanese iron-working techniques == Introduction ==
Blast furnaces are thought by many scholars to have developed independently in Western Europe and China, albeit many centuries earlier in the latter.〔Technology in world civilization. P.82〕 The blast furnace was essential to the development of steel and cast iron, as it allowed much higher temperatures to be reached than its predecessor, the bloomery.〔Technology in world civilization. P.82〕 Since the blast furnace temperatures were able to exceed 1,536 C, the melting point of iron, the resulting product had significantly less slag (higher purity) than the iron produced by the bloomery.〔Technology in world civilization. P.82〕 Furthermore, because the temperatures were so low in the bloomeries, only low-carbon steel was able to be produced (wrought iron).〔Ancient and historic steel in Japan, India and Europe, a non-invasive comparative study using thermal neutron diffraction. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. P.1497〕 As the bloomery began to gradually evolve into the blast furnace during the Middle Ages, many variations on the basic concept began to emerge globally.
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